<a href="https://seanav.org/shop/chiyang-magnetic-compass-cy-lj28/” class=”seanav-internal-link”>Magnetic Compass Calibration Service in UAE: The Complete Guide for Shipowners and Deck Officers
Introduction & Executive Summary
Every commercial vessel operating in international waters depends on a reliable magnetic compass as its primary means of determining heading — a non-electronic, fail-safe reference that remains critical even when all GPS, radar, and ECDIS systems are compromised. For vessel operators based in Dubai and managing fleets across the UAE’s busy ports, ensuring that magnetic compasses are correctly calibrated and maintained is not merely a best practice; it is a regulatory obligation under IMO SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 19, and a fundamental requirement of the ISM Code for safe navigation.
Seanav Marine delivers comprehensive magnetic compass calibration service in UAE, covering Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah. Our certified marine engineers specialize in compass overhauling, adjustment, and maintenance for all major OEM equipment including Sperry Marine (Navigat series), Raytheon Anschütz (Standard 22/30), Yokogawa (CMZ900), Furuno (FAR-2xx8), and JRC (JMR-9200). With 24/7 global port support and deep expertise in Class Society standards from DNV, ABS, Lloyd’s Register, ClassNK, Bureau Veritas, RINA, and the Indian Register of Shipping, Seanav Marine is the trusted partner for magnetic compass services across the UAE maritime sector.
Marine Industry Overview & Modern Fleet Standards
The UAE maritime industry remains one of the most dynamic and strategically significant in the Middle East. Jebel Ali Port in Dubai stands as the largest man-made harbor in the world, handling millions of tonnes of cargo annually. Port Rashid, Hamriyah Port in Sharjah, Khalifa Port in Abu Dhabi, Mina Zayed in Al Ain’s emirate, the rapidly expanding Port of Fujairah, Khor Fakkan Port, Ajman Port, Ruwais Port, and Mina Saqr all serve as critical nodes in global shipping networks. Vessels calling at these ports — from ultra-large container ships and crude tankers to offshore support vessels, bulk carriers, Ro-Ro freighters, and luxury yachts — must comply with stringent navigation equipment standards.
Modern fleet standards demand that all navigation equipment, including magnetic compasses, meet the requirements of IEC 60945 (Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication Equipment) and IEC 61162 (Digital interfaces for navigation equipment). The International Hydrographic Organization’s S-52, S-57, and the emerging S-100 standards further govern how compass data integrates with Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). Class societies such as DNV, ABS, Lloyd’s Register, ClassNK, Bureau Veritas, RINA, and IRS conduct periodic surveys to verify compass performance, deviation tables, and overall seaworthiness.
For fleet operators managing vessels that transit between the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, the Indian Ocean, and the Suez Canal, magnetic compass reliability is a continuous operational priority. Environmental factors unique to the region — high ambient temperatures exceeding 50°C, high humidity, and salt-laden atmospheric conditions across the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman — accelerate compass card drift and binnacle magnetization, making regular calibration and maintenance even more essential.
Why Magnetic Compass Calibration & Maintenance Matters
Safety at Sea
The magnetic compass remains the ultimate backup heading reference. In the event of total electrical failure, GPS jamming or spoofing, radar malfunction, or ECDIS blackout, the compass provides an unambiguous directional reference that requires no external signal or power source. An incorrectly calibrated compass can produce heading errors of several degrees, which at the speeds and draughts of modern commercial vessels translates into significant positional uncertainty and collision risk.
Regulatory Compliance
IMO SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 19 mandates that all vessels of 300 gross tonnage and above engaged in international voyages must carry a magnetic compass and that it must be properly adjusted and maintained. The ISM Code requires that the shipboard management system includes procedures for the periodic checking, calibration, and record-keeping of all navigation equipment, including compasses. Failure to comply can result in port state control detention, increased insurance premiums, and reputational damage.
Operational Efficiency
A well-calibrated compass reduces the need for constant manual correction, improves passage accuracy, and supports efficient voyage planning — particularly important for vessels operating on fixed schedules in and out of Jebel Ali Port, Port Rashid, Hamriyah Port, Khalifa Port, Port of Fujairah, and Khor Fakkan Port. Accurate compass data also feeds directly into autopilot systems, reducing helm fatigue and fuel consumption over long ocean passages.
Technical Deep-Dive: How Magnetic Compass Calibration Works
A ship’s magnetic compass operates on the principle that a magnetized needle aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic field. However, the vessel itself generates magnetic fields through its steel structure, electrical systems, and onboard machinery — collectively known as permanent magnetism and induced magnetism. These fields create deviation, the angular difference between magnetic heading and compass heading.
The Calibration Process
Magnetic compass calibration, also known as compass swinging or compass adjustment, involves a systematic process:
1. Pre-Swing Inspection: The compass is visually inspected for damage, moisture ingress, card clarity, illumination integrity, and binnacle condition. The fluid level and quality are checked.
2. Deviation Measurement: The vessel is swung through 360 degrees on a calibrated heading, and deviation is recorded at 15-degree intervals using a standard steering compass and a high-accuracy reference gyro or GPS heading input.
3. Hard Iron Correction: Permanent magnets within the binnacle are adjusted to counteract hard iron fields generated by the vessel’s steel structure.
4. Soft Iron Correction: Flinders bars, spheres, and quadrantal spheres are adjusted to correct for induced magnetism and higher-order magnetic fields.
5. Post-Swing Verification: The vessel is swung again to confirm that deviation has been minimized across all headings.
6. Deviation Table Preparation: A formal deviation table is generated and certified, to be posted at the compass and referenced in the vessel’s deck log.
7. Documentation & Class Approval: The calibration certificate is prepared in accordance with Class Society requirements and filed for survey purposes.
Key OEM Equipment References
- Sperry Marine Navigat 100/200: Precision gyrocompass systems with integrated magnetic compass backup. Calibration procedures follow Sperry’s technical manuals and require specific adjustment tooling.
- Raytheon Anschütz Standard 22/30: Integrated bridge systems where the magnetic compass serves as the heading reference for the autopilot and radar. Calibration must account for system integration parameters.
- Yokogawa CMZ900: High-accuracy gyrocompass with magnetic compass interface. Compass swing data must be compatible with Yokogawa’s heading buffer and alarm settings.
- Furuno FAR-2xx8 & FMD-3×00: Furuno’s radar and fluxgate compass systems require coordinated calibration to ensure consistent heading data across the bridge.
- JRC JMR-9200 & JAN-9201: JRC gyro and magnetic compass systems widely used in Asian and Middle East flag vessels. Calibration follows JRC’s specific deviation correction protocols.
- Reduced Port State Control Detention Risk: Current deviation tables and certified calibration records demonstrate compliance with SOLAS and Class Society requirements.
- Lower Insurance Premiums: Many P&I clubs and hull insurers offer reduced premiums for vessels with documented, up-to-date navigation equipment maintenance programs.
- Improved Passage Accuracy: Precisely calibrated compasses reduce heading errors, improving fuel efficiency and voyage time.
- 24/7 Port Availability: Seanav Marine’s engineers are available across all seven Emirates — Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah — and at all major ports including Jebel Ali, Port Rashid, Hamriyah, Khalifa, Mina Zayed, Port of Fujairah, Khor Fakkan, Ajman, Ruwais, and Mina Saqr.
- OEM Spare Parts Compatibility: Seanav Marine stocks and supplies OEM-compatible spare parts for Sperry Marine, Raytheon Anschütz, Yokogawa, Furuno, and JRC compass systems, minimizing vessel downtime.
- Certified Documentation: Every calibration is accompanied by a full certificate acceptable to DNV, ABS, LR, ClassNK, BV, RINA, and IRS surveyors.
- Monthly: Visual inspection of compass card clarity, illumination, and fluid level. Check deviation table accuracy against GPS heading.
- Quarterly: Detailed inspection of binnacle condition, corrector magnets, and electrical connections. Clean bulb sockets and replace bulbs as needed.
- Semi-Annually: Full fluid quality assessment and partial compass swing to detect early drift.
- Annually: Complete compass overhaul including full 360-degree swing, deviation correction, fluid replacement, and Class Society-compliant certification. This aligns with SOLAS requirements and is mandatory for vessels calling at ports across the UAE including Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, and Fujairah.
- Post-Major Event: Compass swing following any significant deck modification, welding near the binnacle, major cargo loading/unloading, or classification survey.
- Sperry Marine: Compass cards, fluid kits, illumination units, corrector magnets, and binnacle components for Navigat 100 and Navigat 200 systems.
- Raytheon Anschütz: Standard 22 and Standard 30 compass spare parts including deviation correctors, fluid assemblies, and control unit components.
- Yokogawa: CMZ900 compass consumables, fluid kits, and interface modules.
- Furuno: FAR-2xx8 radar and FMD-3×00 fluxgate compass spare parts, including cables and connectors.
- JRC: JMR-9200 and JAN-9201 compass system components, fluid kits, and mounting hardware.
- 24/7 Global Port Support: Engineers available around the clock at all UAE ports and at ports worldwide.
- Certified Marine Engineers: Our team holds internationally recognized certifications and has extensive hands-on experience with all major OEM compass systems.
- Full Class Society Coverage: Services compliant with DNV, ABS, Lloyd’s Register, ClassNK, Bureau Veritas, RINA, and IRS requirements.
- OEM Spare Parts Inventory: Direct access to OEM-compatible parts for Sperry Marine, Raytheon Anschütz, Yokogawa, Furuno, and JRC, reducing vessel downtime.
- Comprehensive Service Range: From basic deviation checks to full compass overhauling, fluid replacement, illumination renewal, and ECDIS integration verification.
- Regional Expertise: Deep understanding of the unique maritime operating environment across the UAE, from the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman, and the specific challenges faced by vessels calling at Jebel Ali, Port Rashid, Hamriyah, Khalifa, Fujairah, Khor Fakkan, and all other UAE ports.
- Proven Track Record: Trusted by tanker operators, bulk carriers, OSV companies, container lines, and superyacht owners across the Middle East and beyond.
Common Equipment Failures & Root Cause Analysis
Even well-maintained magnetic compasses can develop issues over time. Understanding common failure modes helps vessel operators schedule proactive maintenance and avoid costly at-sea deficiencies.
Compass Card Drift
Symptoms: Gradual increase in deviation errors, particularly on northerly and southerly headings.
Root Causes: Aging of permanent magnets, thermal degradation of magnet materials in high-temperature environments common across the UAE, or moisture ingress into the compass bowl fluid causing density changes.
Binnacle Magnetization
Symptoms: Sudden deviation changes following proximity to large ferrous objects, crane operations, or welding near the compass binnacle.
Root Causes: Soft iron components within the binnacle becoming temporarily or permanently magnetized. This is especially common on vessels that undergo heavy deck operations at Jebel Ali Port or Port Rashid.
Fluid Degradation
Symptoms: Fuzzy card appearance, air bubbles in the fluid, sluggish card movement, or crystallization of the damping fluid.
Root Causes: Age-related fluid breakdown, exposure to extreme heat (common in the Persian Gulf summer months when temperatures exceed 50°C), or seal failure allowing seawater contamination.
Illumination Failure
Symptoms: Dim or intermittent compass illumination, especially at night or in low-visibility conditions.
Root Causes: Bulb failure, corroded bulb sockets, wiring degradation due to salt atmosphere exposure, or failure of the compass light control circuit.
Binnacle Level Faults
Symptoms: Card rubbing against the bowl rim, uneven rotation, or excessive friction.
Root Causes: Structural settlement of the binnacle mounting, vibration-induced loosening, or damage from deck operations.
Practical Applications Across Vessel Types
Tankers
Crude oil tankers and product tankers operating from Port Rashid, Mina Zayed, Ruwais Port, and the Port of Fujairah carry large quantities of cargo and operate under strict safety protocols. Magnetic compass calibration is a mandatory pre-voyage check, and deviation tables must be current and posted at the compass. Seanav Marine provides tanker-specific compass services that account for the unique magnetic characteristics of tanker hulls, including the effects of cargo loading and unloading on vessel magnetization.
Bulk Carriers
Bulk carriers calling at Jebel Ali Port and Khalifa Port often carry iron ore, coal, or grain cargoes that can influence the vessel’s magnetic signature. Compass swings should be performed after major cargo loadings and at regular intervals during long charter periods. Seanav Marine’s engineers understand the dynamic magnetic environment aboard bulk carriers and provide tailored calibration services.
Offshore Support Vessels (OSVs)
OSVs operating in the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, supporting offshore platforms and FPSOs, require highly accurate compass data for dynamic positioning (DP) backup navigation and station-keeping operations. Compass calibration must account for the vessel’s extensive deck machinery, including cranes, winches, and A-frame systems, all of which generate magnetic fields.
Container Ships
Container ships transiting the Strait of Hormuz and calling at Jebel Ali Port, Port Rashid, and Khor Fakkan Port operate at high speed with precise passage requirements. Compass deviation errors of even one degree can translate into significant lateral offset over long ocean passages. Regular calibration and maintenance are essential for safe and efficient operations.
Yachts & Superyachts
Luxury yachts berthing at Dubai Marina, Port Rashid, or Fujairah’s international marinas demand precision compass calibration that meets the exacting standards of their owners and classification societies. Seanav Marine provides discreet, high-quality compass services for superyachts, including full overhauling, fluid replacement, and deviation correction with certified documentation.
Operational & Commercial Benefits of Seanav Marine’s Calibration Service
Choosing Seanav Marine for magnetic compass calibration service in UAE delivers measurable operational and commercial advantages:
IMO, SOLAS & Class Society Regulations Governing Magnetic Compasses
| Regulation / Standard | Key Requirements |
|—|—|
| IMO SOLAS Ch. V Reg. 19 | Magnetic compass must be installed, maintained, and adjusted to ensure accuracy. Compass deviation must be checked and corrected at intervals not exceeding 12 months. |
| ISM Code | Shipboard management system must include procedures for compass checking, calibration, and record-keeping. |
| IEC 60945 | Performance standards for maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment, including magnetic compasses. |
| IEC 61162 | Digital interfaces for navigation equipment — compass data must be correctly formatted and transmitted to ECDIS and autopilot systems. |
| IHO S-52 / S-57 / S-100 | Standards for electronic chart display, including integration of compass-derived heading data. |
| Class Society Rules (DNV, ABS, LR, ClassNK, BV, RINA, IRS) | Specific survey intervals, calibration certificate formats, deviation table requirements, and acceptance criteria for compass systems. |
Case Study: Shipboard Troubleshooting Scenario
A 180-metre crude oil tanker arrived at Jebel Ali Port in Dubai following a 45-day voyage from the Persian Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz and into the Indian Ocean. During the pre-arrival bridge watch handover, the deck officer noted that the magnetic compass deviation had increased by approximately 4 degrees on easterly headings — a significant error for a vessel of this size operating in tight pilotage waters.
Seanav Marine’s marine engineers were contacted for an urgent compass inspection. Upon boarding the vessel, the team performed a comprehensive pre-swing inspection and identified the following issues:
1. Fluid Degradation: The compass bowl damping fluid had degraded due to prolonged exposure to high ambient temperatures exceeding 50°C in the Persian Gulf region. This caused sluggish card movement and contributed to reading inaccuracies.
2. Soft Iron Magnetization: The vessel’s Flinders bar and soft iron correctors had become partially magnetized following a deck welding operation near the binnacle during a previous port call at Port Rashid.
3. Bulb Socket Corrosion: The compass illumination bulb socket showed signs of salt corrosion, causing intermittent illumination failure during night watches.
Resolution: Seanav Marine’s engineers replaced the degraded compass fluid, demagnetized and recalibrated the soft iron correctors, replaced the corroded bulb and socket assembly, performed a full 360-degree compass swing, generated a certified deviation table, and provided the vessel with updated documentation compliant with ClassNK survey requirements. The entire process was completed within 8 hours, allowing the vessel to proceed with its loading schedule at Jebel Ali Port without delay.
Step-by-Step Inspection & Testing Procedure
Seanav Marine follows a rigorous, documented inspection and testing procedure for every magnetic compass calibration engagement:
1. Pre-Inspection Documentation Review: Review of the vessel’s last compass swing certificate, deviation table, and any known compass issues.
2. Visual Inspection: Examination of the compass bowl, card, fluid level, illumination system, binnacle condition, and mounting hardware.
3. Fluid Quality Assessment: Sampling and evaluation of the compass damping fluid for clarity, density, and contamination.
4. Electrical Continuity Testing: Verification of compass illumination and transmission circuits, including connections to ECDIS and autopilot systems.
5. Deviation Measurement (Pre-Swing): Recording of compass deviation at 15-degree intervals using a reference heading source.
6. Magnet Corrector Adjustment: Adjustment of permanent magnets and soft iron correctors to minimize deviation.
7. Post-Swing Verification: Re-measurement of deviation to confirm correction effectiveness.
8. Deviation Table Generation: Creation of a certified deviation table for the vessel’s current magnetic latitude.
9. Documentation & Certification: Preparation of the calibration certificate, deviation table, and inspection report in Class Society format.
10. Handover & Debrief: Briefing of the vessel’s master and navigation officers on findings, recommendations, and any required follow-up actions.
Preventative Maintenance & Overhaul Process
A proactive maintenance programme is the most cost-effective approach to magnetic compass reliability. Seanav Marine recommends the following preventative maintenance schedule:
For vessels operating in the harsh Gulf environment — where extreme heat, humidity, and salt spray accelerate equipment degradation — Seanav Marine recommends shortening maintenance intervals and scheduling compass overhauling during scheduled dry dock or turnaround periods at ports such as Jebel Ali, Hamriyah, Khalifa, or Port of Fujairah.
Calibration, Commissioning & OEM Spare Part Compatibility
Seanav Marine maintains an extensive inventory of OEM-compatible spare parts for magnetic compass systems across all major manufacturers:
All spare parts are sourced through authorized OEM supply chains and are fully compatible with the respective systems. Seanav Marine’s engineers are trained directly by OEM manufacturers and maintain current technical bulletins and service advisories for all supported equipment.
Commissioning following calibration includes verification that compass data is correctly transmitted to all bridge systems — ECDIS, autopilot, radar, chart plotter, and AIS — and that deviation alarms and heading alarm thresholds are correctly configured per the vessel’s class and flag state requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is magnetic compass calibration, and why is it necessary?
Magnetic compass calibration, also known as compass swinging or adjustment, is the process of correcting deviation errors in a ship’s magnetic compass to ensure accurate heading readings. It is necessary because every vessel generates its own magnetic fields from steel structure, electrical systems, and machinery, which interfere with the Earth’s magnetic field and cause compass errors.
2. How often should a magnetic compass be calibrated?
IMO SOLAS Chapter V, Regulation 19 requires that compass deviation be checked and corrected at intervals not exceeding 12 months. Seanav Marine recommends a full annual overhaul, with supplementary checks after any major deck modification or welding near the binnacle.
3. Can magnetic compass calibration be performed at any port in the UAE?
Yes. Seanav Marine provides mobile magnetic compass calibration service in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah, and can mobilize to vessels at Jebel Ali Port, Port Rashid, Hamriyah Port, Khalifa Port, Mina Zayed, Port of Fujairah, Khor Fakkan Port, Ajman Port, Ruwais Port, and Mina Saqr.
4. What OEM compass systems does Seanav Marine service?
Seanav Marine provides calibration and maintenance for Sperry Marine (Navigat 100/200), Raytheon Anschütz (Standard 22/30), Yokogawa (CMZ900), Furuno (FAR-2xx8, FMD-3×00), and JRC (JMR-9200, JAN-9201) compass systems.
5. How long does a typical compass calibration take?
A standard compass swing and calibration typically requires 4 to 8 hours, depending on the complexity of the vessel’s magnetic environment and the number of correction systems installed. Seanav Marine strives to minimize vessel downtime.
6. What is the difference between compass calibration and compass overhauling?
Calibration focuses on deviation correction through magnet adjuster adjustment. Overhauling is a more comprehensive procedure that includes full disassembly, inspection, fluid replacement, component replacement, bulb and socket renewal, and calibration — essentially a complete compass restoration.
7. Does Seanav Marine provide deviation tables for Class Society submission?
Yes. Every calibration engagement produces a certified deviation table and inspection report formatted to meet the requirements of DNV, ABS, Lloyd’s Register, ClassNK, Bureau Veritas, RINA, and the Indian Register of Shipping.
8. What are the typical costs associated with magnetic compass calibration in the UAE?
Costs vary based on vessel type, compass system complexity, and the extent of service required. Seanav Marine provides transparent, competitive pricing and can issue a detailed quotation based on the specific vessel and service scope.
9. Can Seanav Marine service vessels of all flag states?
Yes. Seanav Marine provides magnetic compass calibration services for vessels of all flag states, including Panama, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Bahamas, Singapore, Malta, and UAE-flag vessels, with full compliance to international maritime regulations.
10. What environmental factors in the UAE affect magnetic compass accuracy?
The extreme heat (often exceeding 50°C), high humidity, and salt-laden atmosphere of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman accelerate fluid degradation, corrosion, and magnetization changes in compass systems, making regular maintenance and calibration essential.
11. Is magnetic compass calibration required for vessels not engaged in international voyages?
While SOLAS applies to vessels of 300 GT and above on international voyages, many Class Society rules and flag state requirements extend compass calibration obligations to domestic and coastal vessels as well. Seanav Marine can advise on specific regulatory requirements for your vessel.
12. Does Seanav Marine provide emergency compass calibration services?
Yes. Seanav Marine offers 24/7 emergency compass calibration and troubleshooting services across all UAE ports, with engineers available for rapid mobilization to minimize vessel delays.
13. What documentation will I receive after the calibration is completed?
You will receive a certified compass calibration certificate, a formal deviation table, a detailed inspection report, and photographs documenting the work performed — all formatted for Class Society survey submission.
14. Does Seanav Marine also service gyrocompasses, or only magnetic compasses?
Seanav Marine provides comprehensive services for both magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses (Sperry, Raytheon Anschütz, Yokogawa, Furuno, JRC), including calibration, overhauling, maintenance, and spare parts supply.
15. How do I book magnetic compass calibration service in UAE?
Contact Seanav Marine directly through the website at https://seanav.org/contact or call our 24/7 operations desk. Our team will arrange a site visit, assess your vessel’s requirements, and provide a fixed-price quotation.
Why Choose Seanav Marine for Magnetic Compass Calibration Service in UAE
Seanav Marine has established itself as the leading provider of magnetic compass calibration, overhauling, and maintenance services across the UAE. Our competitive advantages include:
Conclusion & Call to Action
A correctly calibrated magnetic compass is not just a regulatory requirement — it is a fundamental pillar of safe navigation. For vessel operators managing fleets across the UAE’s busy ports and international shipping lanes, entrusting compass calibration to experienced, certified professionals is an investment in safety, compliance, and operational efficiency.
Seanav Marine delivers expert magnetic compass calibration service in UAE — covering Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah — with 24/7 availability at all major ports. Whether your vessel requires a routine annual compass swing, an emergency deviation correction, or a complete overhaul of a Sperry, Raytheon Anschütz, Yokogawa, Furuno, or JRC compass system, our team is ready to help.
Contact Seanav Marine Today for Magnetic Compass Calibration Service — our team is available 24/7 to discuss your vessel’s requirements, schedule a service visit, and provide a competitive, transparent quotation.
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},
{
“@type”: “Offer”,
“itemOffered”: {
“@type”: “Service”,
“name”: “Magnetic Compass Maintenance”
}
},
{
“@type”: “Offer”,
“itemOffered”: {
“@type”: “Service”,
“name”: “Compass Deviation Table Generation”
}
},
{
“@type”: “Offer”,
“itemOffered”: {
“@type”: “Service”,
“name”: “OEM Spare Parts Supply”
}
}
]
},
“termsOfService”: “All services comply with IMO SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19, IEC 60945, IEC 61162, IHO S-52/S-57/S-100, and applicable Class Society rules including DNV, ABS, Lloyd’s Register, ClassNK, Bureau Veritas, RINA, and IRS.”
}
]
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